Psychological: • Fear of embarrassment from saying or doing the wrong thing • Fear of injury- if they come to the target's defense, they might incur the aggressor's wrath for meddling. • Fear of rejection - their peers might turn on them. Social stigma, like cooties and viruses are contagious. • Pressure to participate in the bullying • Anxiety about speaking to anyone about the bullying • Powerlessness to stop bullying • Vulnerability to becoming victimized • Fear of associating with the victim, the bully, or the bully's pals • Guilt for not having defended the victim